Suppose your program includes:
select fd-name assign to external bigdata.
Create a text file called mfextmap.dat that contains the following line:
bigdata c:\big\bigdata.dat
At run-time:
set environment_mapper=TRUE
to a configuration file pointed to by the COBCONFIG_ environment variable.
Then, when you run your program, the assigned filename bigdata is mapped to the physical file c:\big\bigdata.dat.