Tutorial: Developing Web Application Projects

Overview

This tutorial shows how to create a Web application project and how to make it interact with an existing COBOL program. The project includes a page that is generated in managed COBOL. The page calls an intermediary program to map .NET data types onto COBOL data types. The intermediary program then calls the existing COBOL program to perform the business logic.

The Web application project has three programs:

A Web page. The Microsoft form designer enables you to create a Web page (also known as a Web form) in any .NET language, such as C# and COBOL. This tutorial shows how to generate these forms in .NET COBOL.
Existing COBOL program, the Book program. This program simulates a pre-existing COBOL program, which contains the business logic and which remains unchanged. This program is supplied and this tutorial adds it as a reference to the Web application project so that it is recompiled as managed code and exposed as a class that can be called by .NET managed code without needing any changes to the source.
Intermediary COBOL class, the BookWrapper program. This program acts as an interface between the client form and the pre-existing COBOL program. This intermediary class interfaces with the .NET client form using objects, and it interfaces with the existing COBOL using the standard COBOL PIC X data types. This intermediary class is supplied and this tutorial adds it as a reference to the Web application project.

Create a Web Application Project

The first task is to create a Web Application Project, which you do as follows:

Start Visual Studio.
Create a new Web Application Project by clicking File > New > Project.
Ensure is selected in the dropdown list above the installed templates pane.
Select ASP.NET Web Application.
Specify a name such as BookDemoWebApplication.
Specify a location to store the project on your file system such as c:\tutorials.
Uncheck Create Directory for Solution.
Click OK.

This creates the BookDemoWebApplication project, which is shown in the Solution Explorer. The project includes:

App_Data, which is an empty folder for holding application data
Default.aspx, which is the trigger program that displays the main form
Default.aspx.cbl, which contains your code for the form
Web.config, which is the application configuration file

Add the Legacy Code and the Wrapper Code

You now need to add the existing COBOL code that contains the business logic, so that the form can use it. This code is supplied in a LegacyBook project containing book.cbl.

In addition, you need some wrapper code to convert the data from .NET types to COBOL types. The project uses .NET data types; these are System.String objects in our case. The book program uses COBOL types such as PIC X and PIC 99V99. The supplied program BookWrapper.cbl does this conversion, and you need to add this to the solution.

The supplied files are in the %ProgramFiles(x86)%\Micro Focus\Studio Enterprise Edition x.x\Examples\Visual Studio Integration and in the Forms subfolder. On older versions of Windows the samples might be installed in a different folder, such as for Windows XP, C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Documents\Micro Focus\<product name>\Samples.

To include dependant code in your Web application project, you need to add a reference to the code in your solution as follows:

Right-click the solution in Solution Explorer.
Click Add > Existing Project.
Navigate to the Forms\BookWrapper subfolder in the Samples directory.
Select the .cblproj file and click Open.
Similarly, add the LegacyBook project from the Forms\LegacyBook subfolder in the Samples.
Add the two projects as references to the BookDemoWebApplication project as follows:
- Right-click BookDemoWebApplication in Solution Explorer.
- Click Add > Add Reference.
- Go to the Projects tab.
- Select BookWrapper and click OK.
- Add LegacyBook to the project references in the same way.

Provide Access to the Legacy Code

You now need to add some code to the form to call the wrapper code and to clear the last of the red squigglies to do with my-book.

Open Default.aspx.cbl in the editor and declare the data item my-book in the working storage section, as follows:
```
       01 my-book   type BookWrapper.Book.
```
Rebuild the entire solution.
You should have no parsing errors, now that BookWrapper is declared. If you do have errors, check the supplied demonstration in the Forms\BookDemoWebApplication subfolder of the Samples to see where yours differs.
In Solution Explorer, right-click the Web.config file in the BookDemoWebApplication project and click Open to open the file in the editor.

In the Web.config file, add the following configuration sections after the opening tag line that starts with <configuration>:

<!--The following code declares a section group for application configuration -->
  <configSections>
    <sectionGroup name="MicroFocus.COBOL.Application">
      <section name="Switches" type="System.Configuration.NameValueSectionHandler" />
      <section name="Environment" type="System.Configuration.NameValueSectionHandler" />
    </sectionGroup>
    <sectionGroup name="MicroFocus.COBOL.Runtime">
      <section name="Tunables" type="System.Configuration.NameValueSectionHandler" />
      <section name="Switches" type="System.Configuration.NameValueSectionHandler" />
    </sectionGroup>
  </configSections>

Set up an environment variable to point to the bookfile.* data files, which are supplied in the Samples\BookData directory. To do this:
In the Web.config file, add the following text immediately after the </configSections> line:
```
<appSettings />
<MicroFocus.COBOL.Application>
      <Switches/>
      <Environment>
         <add key="dd_bookfile" value="MyPath\bookfile.dat"/>
      </Environment>
   </MicroFocus.COBOL.Application>
```
Where MyPath is the full path to the data file bookfile.dat, which is in the BookData subfolder in the Samples directory.

Start Painting the Form

In this section, you paint the form. You can also examine the code generated. For basic help on painting a form, see the tutorial Tutorial: Developing .NET Managed COBOL.

Display the empty form by right-clicking Default.aspx in the Solution Explorer and clicking View Designer.
Paint a number of labels, text boxes and a button as detailed in the table below.
To lay out the Web form, use spaces and new lines, in the same way as you do in a text editor or in HTML.

Edit the properties of the controls, being careful to not double-click any of the controls. Double-clicking creates an event for the control, which we don't want to do till the next step. Edit the properties to the following values:

Control	ID Property	Text Property
Label	label1	CATALOG SEARCH
Label	catalogueNumberLabel	Catalog Number
TextBox	textBoxStockNo (the case is significant)	(blank)
Button	searchButton	Search
Label	errorLabel	File Status Also, set the Visible property to `False`.
TextBox	errorField	(blank) Also, set the Visible property to `False`.
Label	label2	RESULTS
Label	titleLabel	Title
TextBox	textBoxTitle (the case is significant)	(blank)
Label	authorLabel	Author
TextBox	textBoxAuthor	(blank)
Label	typeLabel	Type
TextBox	textBoxType	(blank)
Label	priceLabel	Price
TextBox	textBoxPrice (the case is significant)	(blank)
Label	soldLabel	Sold
TextBox	textBoxSold	(blank)
Label	onHandLabel	On Hand
TextBox	textBoxOnhand	(blank)
Label	stockValueLabel	Stock Value
TextBox	textBoxStockValue	(blank)

To display the properties right-click the label and then click Properties. You can then scroll to the relevant property and edit it.

Create a click event for the Search button. Do this by double-clicking the button, which creates an event called searchButton, and then displays the code that is generated for the form.
Notice that the code for the searchButton method doesn't do anything yet; the procedure division is empty. You can scroll through and review the rest of the generated code.
You can build the solution, by selecting it in Solution Explorer and choosing Build > Build Solution. You should have no errors.

Handle the Click Events

Now you need to add the code for the button click, which needs to call the legacy COBOL program and to populate the form with the information returned.

In code view, find the searchButton_Click method. Update the code so that it reads as follows:

       method-id searchButton_Click protected.
       working-storage section.
       01 aBook type BookWrapper.Book.
       01 anException type System.Exception.
       
       local-storage section.
       
       procedure division using by value lnkSender as object by value lnkEvent as type EventArgs.
       try
           set aBook to type BookWrapper.Book::Read(textBoxStockNo::Text)
           invoke self::PopulateForm(aBook)
       catch anException 
           invoke self::DisplayException(anException)
       end-try
       
                      
       end method.

Notice the red squigglies underlining some words. These indicate a syntax error from automatic parsing happening in the background. Hover over an underlined word and read the popup that gives information on the error. Notice that the status bar tells you the number of background parsing errors.

Notice that the above code invokes the PopulateForm and the DisplayException method. Add the following methods to your code, after the searchButton method and before the end class statement.

       method-id  PopulateForm final private.
       procedure division using aBook as type BookWrapper.Book.

           if aBook <> null
               set errorLabel::Visible to false
               set errorField::Visible to false
               set textBoxStockNo::Text    to aBook::StockNumber
               set textBoxTitle::Text      to aBook::Title
               set textBoxAuthor::Text     to aBook::Author
               set textBoxType::Text       to aBook::Type
               set textBoxPrice::Text      to type System.Convert::ToString(aBook::RetailPrice)
               set textBoxOnhand::Text     to type System.Convert::ToString(aBook::NumberOnHand)
               set textBoxSold::Text       to type System.Convert::ToString(aBook::NumberSold)
               set textBoxStockValue::Text to type System.Convert::ToString(aBook::StockValue)
           else
               set textBoxStockNo::Text    to "****"
               set textBoxTitle::Text      to "*************************************"
               set textBoxAuthor::Text     to "*************************************"
               set textBoxType::Text       to "****"
               set textBoxPrice::Text      to "****"
               set textBoxOnhand::Text     to "****"
               set textBoxSold::Text       to "****"
           end-if

       end method.

       method-id DisplayException private.
       procedure division using by value lnkException as type System.Exception.
           set my-book to null
           set errorLabel::Visible to true
           set errorField::Visible to true
           set errorField::Text to lnkException::Message
           invoke self::PopulateForm(my-book)
       end method.

Run the Application

You can now run the application.

Right-click BookDemoWebApplication in Solution Explorer.
Select Rebuild.
Click Debug > Start Without Debugging.
This starts the Web application in a new browser instance.
Experiment entering information and using the Search button.
You can search for data for catalog numbers 1111 and 2222.

Examine the Sample Code

The sample code is available in the Samples folder, with all the Visual Studio and .NET examples, and in the Forms subfolder.

Legacy Book Program

The book.cbl program is a long-standing demonstration program that has been shipped with Micro Focus products for several years. It is written in procedural COBOL. The program reads and writes to an indexed file containing book records.

In this solution, the Book program is recompiled to managed code without any changes. Recompiling the program exposes it as a class and exposes its main entry point as a static method.

The program's Linkage section defines data as standard COBOL types, such as PIC X, which non-COBOL client programs will not understand. These types need to be mapped to .NET compatible types before communication with the client program. This mapping is done by the intermediary program BookWrapper.cbl.

Client Web Form

The client Web form Default.aspx.cbl is generated as COBOL. The user enters data into the form and receives the return data there. The client form does the following:

Extracts the input data from text boxes on the form as System.Strings.
Calls BookWrapper passing it the string objects.
Populates the text boxes on the form with the System.Strings.

Book Wrapper Program

The BookWrapper.cbl program acts as an intermediary between the pre-existing COBOL program book.cbl and the Web form. This enables you to leave the pre-existing COBOL unchanged.

The important point here is that you need to use compatible types when mixing languages. The Web form stores the data as .NET types and yet the Book program expects data as COBOL types.

The purpose of the BookWrapper program is to map your COBOL PICTUREs to .NET System.Strings. The program receives data from the Web form as System.Strings, and maps them onto standard COBOL data types before passing them to the pre-existing book program.

The object working storage declares the data items in a book record by using a copybook, as follows:

 object.
        data division.
        working-storage section.
        copy "book-rec-dotnet.cpy" replacing == (prefix) == by == book ==.
    ...

The copybook book-rec-dotnet.cpy declares the book-details record. It declares book-title and book-stockno as COBOL pictures and also as properties so that Getter/Setter methods can be used to access them. The copybook contains:

    01 (prefix)-details.
        03 (prefix)-text-details.
            05 (prefix)-title  pic x(50) property as "Title".
        ...
        03 (prefix)-stockno pic x(4) property as "StockNumber".

The following get property method gets a pointer to the book-details record:

       method-id. get property "BookDetails".
       procedure division returning bookDetailsAddress as pointer. 
           set bookDetailsAddress to address of book-details
           goback.
       end method.

The Read method is implemented in the static section as follows:

       method-id. "Read". 
       local-storage section.
       01 file-status pic xx.
       procedure division using by value stockno-in as string
                          returning      myBook     as Book. 

           set myBook to new  Book()
           set myBook::"StockNumber" to stockno-in

           call "BookLegacy" using by value readRecord
                                   by value myBook::"BookDetails"
                                   by reference file-status       
            
           invoke "RaiseExceptionIfError" using file-status
           goback.
       end method "Read".

Where:

procedure division using ...
shows a .NET System.String, stockno-in, being passed in from client form. It also shows an instance of the Book class being returned. BookWrapper.cbl defines a new .NET type, Book, which can be used by programs written in any .NET language.
```
set myBook to new Book() 
```
creates a new instance of the BookWrapper class.
```
set mybook::"StockNumber"
```
takes the data from the .NET System.String (stockno-in) and stores it as the StockNumber property of myBook. This property is declared in the copybook as a picture string, and so the data is stored as a standard COBOL data type in book-stockno. The COBOL Compiler implicitly converts the data from the .NET string into a COBOL usage display item (pic x).
```
call "BookLegacy" using ... 
```
calls the legacy program, book.cbl. It passes it the “BookDetails” property of myBook. If you look at the code in BookWrapper.cbl, you can see that what BookDetails does is pass a pointer to the BookRecord structure defined in book-rec-net.cpy. This structure matches the structure in the old book-rec.cpy, so what the legacy Book program sees is a book record being passed in by reference – which is what it expects. Book reads the stock number from this record, reads a record from the indexed file, and then puts the data in the other fields of the record.
```
invoke "RaiseExceptionIfError" using file-status
```
checks the file status returned from reading the file, and raises a .NET exception if there was an error. Exceptions are the standard .NET mechanism for signaling error conditions.