Operators

Context:

    Classes
    ValueTypes 
    Interfaces
        Type Members

operator-specification

operator-header

operator-name

binary-operator

comparison-operator	arithmetic-operator	bitwise-operator
= <> <= < >= >	+ - * / **	B-AND B-OR B-XOR B-LEFT B-RIGHT

unary-operator

+
-
B-NOT
EXPLICIT
IMPLICIT

Example

class-id MyType.
operator-id + 
procedure division using by value o as type MyType, I as binary-long
                           returning ret as type MyType.  
  ...
end operator.
end class.

See also the Operator Overloading sample, available from Start > All Programs > Micro Focus Visual COBOL > Samples , under Language Reference for JVM COBOL (Windows) or $COBDIR/demo (UNIX).

Conversion Operators, IMPLICIT and EXPLICIT

Conversion operators can be overloaded, so that the appropriate conversion operator is used according to the parameter types in the calling code. The operator with the matching signature (procedure division using clause) is executed. For example, where a data item of type Timer requires converting to binary-long, the operator used is the operator with an input parameter of type Timer and output parameter of binary-long.

To define and use conversion operators:

Use the IMPLICIT or EXPLICIT keyword on the operator-id header
The operator converts the types specified in the operator's signature (its procedure division using clause)
The types converted can be either classes or value-types, but not interfaces
Types that inherits from one another cannot be converted using a conversion operator
The same conversion cannot be defined twice: once as implicit and as explicit

Operator Overloading

You can overload operators to provide alternative behavior, or behavior for different operand types. For example, where a Timer type is expressed as hours and minutes, you could define one + (plus) operator to add two Timers and another + (plus) operator to add a number of minutes to a Timer type.

To declare overloaded operators:

Overloaded operators are public and static.
The parameters in the operator's signature must be declared by value. They must have a returning item.
The following operators can be overloaded, and require the following operator-id signatures:

Operators that can be overloaded	Overload operator-id signature	Notes
Comparison operators, such as: t1 = t2, t1 equals t2	value t1 t2 returning condition-value	Comparison operators must be specified in pairs where the pairs are - equality (=) and inequality (<>) operators, greater than (>) and less than (<) operators, and greater than or equal to (>=) and less than or equal to (<=) operators. The returning item must be of type condition-value.
Other binary operators, such as: t1 + t2	value t1 t2 returning t3	Binary operators have two arguments. If the two arguments are of different type, you need to specify a pair of operators to enable the two operands to be passed in either order.
Unary operators, such as: -t1	value t1 returning t3	Unary operators have only one argument.

While the arithmetic operators for addition, subtraction, multiplication and division can all be overloaded, their verb equivalents cannot. For example, ADD in the following statement cannot be overloaded:

       add a to b giving c