Oracle Considerations

If you are troubleshooting Oracle problems, consider the following:

• The following Oracle precompiler options can have a marked effect on the behavior and the memory requirements of an Oracle application. We recommend that you take time to review your Oracle documentation before changing the setting of these directives.

  DBMS
  HOLD_CURSOR
  MAXOPENCURSORS
  MODE
  RELEASE_CURSOR

• Within an Oracle program it is possible to use the ALTER SESSION command to change the OPTIMIZER_GOAL. This can have a profound effect on the performance of the application. Before using this syntax, we recommend that you consider what is the best optimisation for an application in the general case rather than for a particular SQL statement. If you need to change the performance of one particular statement, it is probably better to use HINTS. Consult your Oracle documentation for further information on ALTER SESSION, OPTIMIZER_GOAL and HINTS.
• Oracle provides a method of reducing network access by using arrays within Embedded SQL statements. This enables the application to perform 'batch' SQL commands, in that more than one row can be acted upon in a single SQL statement. See the section Host Arrays in the chapter Host Variables for more details.

  The use of arrays enables an application, for example, to fetch ten rows at a time instead of one at a time. Oracle supply an example program (normally called sample3.pco) that uses an array to fetch multiple rows. Arrays are documented in the Pro*Cobol Supplement to the ORACLE Precompilers Guide.

• Pro*Cobol treats BINARY host variables as though they had been defined with a picture clause of COMP. This means that BINARY items will also be converted to COMP-5 when the Pro*Cobol comp5=yes option is used.
• Pro*Cobol always needs to be supplied with an include directive, unless the SQLCA copybook is in the current directory, because it needs to know the location of the SQLCA copybook. If this is not supplied, Pro*Cobol gives an error on filename.pco, where filename can be any string of eight characters.
• When Pro*Cobol runs, it can generate useful information. When the COBSQL VERBOSE directive is used, COBSQL displays as much of this information as it can.

  To get the maximum information from Pro*Cobol, set the Pro*Cobol directive xref=yes. You can add this directive to the Pro*Cobol configuration file $ORACLE_HOME\PROxx\pcbcfg.cfg (Windows) or $ORACLE_HOME/precomp/admin/pcbcfg.cfg (UNIX) where:

  xx (applies to Windows environments only)	is the Pro*Cobol version (for example, for Oracle 8.0 this is PRO80)
  $ORACLE_HOME	is the root directory for the Oracle installation on your machine

• By using the COBSQL DISPLAY directive, the current Pro*Cobol directives can be seen on the screen. This will be followed by the statistical information created by Pro*COBOL.
• If the COBOL LIST directive is used, COBSQL passes any information it has collected from the precompiler to the COBOL checker for inclusion at the the bottom of the COBOL listing.