Definitions of Functions

Table 1. Summary of Functions
Function-Name	Arguments	Type	Value Returned
The ABS Function	Int1 or Num1	Depends upon arguments	The absolute value of argument
The ACOS Function	Num1	Num	Arccosine of Num1
The ANNUITY Function	Num1, Int2	Num	Ratio of annuity paid for Int2 periods at interest of Num1 to initial investment of one
The ASIN Function	Num1	Num	Arcsine of Num1
The ATAN Function	Num1	Num	Arctangent of Num1
The CHAR Function	Int1	Anum	Character in position Int1 of the alphanumeric program collating sequence
The CHAR-NATIONAL Function	Int1	Nat	Character in position Int1 of the national program collating sequence
The COS Function	Num1	Num	Cosine of Num1
The CURRENT-DATE Function	None	Anum	Current date and time and difference from Greenwich Mean Time
The DATE-OF-INTEGER Function	Int1	Int	Standard date equivalent (YYYYMMDD) of integer date
The DATE-TO-YYYYMMDD Function	Int1, Int2	Int	Argument-1 converted from YYMMDD to YYYYMMDD based on the value of argument-2
The DAY-OF-INTEGER Function	Int1	Int	Julian date equivalent (YYYYDDD) of integer date
The DAY-TO-YYYYDDD Function	Int1, Int2	Int	Argument-1 converted from YYDDD to YYYYDDD based on the value of argument-2
The DISPLAY-OF Function	Nat1, Anum1 Num1	Anum	Usage display representation of argument Nat1
The E Function	None	Num	The value of `e`, the natural base
The EXP Function	Num1	Num	`e` raised to the power Num1
The EXP10 Function	Num1	Num	10 raised to the power Num1
The FACTORIAL Function	Int1	Int	Factorial of Int1
The FRACTION-PART Function	Num1	Num	Fraction part of Num1
The INTEGER Function	Num1	Int	The greatest integer not greater than Num1
The INTEGER-OF-DATE Function	Int1	Int	The integer date equivalent of standard date (YYYYMMDD)
The INTEGER-OF-DAY Function	Int1	Int	The integer date equivalent of Julian date (YYYYDDD)
The INTEGER-PART Function	Num1	Int	Integer part of Num1
The LENGTH Function	Alph1 or Anum1 or Nat1 or Num1	Int	Length of argument in number of character positions
The LENGTH-AN Function	Alph1 or Anum1 or Int1 or Nat1 or Num1	Int	Length of argument in number of alphanumeric character positions
The LOG Function	Num1	Num	Natural logarithm of Num1
The LOG10 Function	Num1	Num	Logarithm to base 10 of Num1
The LOWER-CASE Function	Alph1 or Anum1 or Nat1	Depends upon argument*	All letters in the argument are set to lowercase
The MAX Function	Alph1 ... or Anum1 ... or Int1 ... or Nat1 ... or Num1 ...	Depends upon arguments*	Value of maximum argument
The MEAN Function	Num1 ...	Num	Arithmetic mean of arguments
The MEDIAN Function	Num1 ...	Num	Median of arguments
The MIDRANGE Function	Num1 ...	Num	Mean of minimum and maximum arguments
The MIN Function	Alph1 ... or Anum1 ... or Int1 ... or Nat1 ... or Num1 ...	Depends upon arguments*	Value of minimum argument
The MOD Function	Int1, Int2	Int	Int1 modulo Int2
The NATIONAL-OF Function	Anum1 or Nat1 Num1	Nat	Usage national representation of argument Anum1
The NUMVAL Function	Anum1 or or Nat1	Num	Numeric value of simple numeric string
The NUMVAL-C Function	Anum1 or Anum2 or Nat1 or Nat2	Num	Numeric value of numeric string with optional commas and currency string
The ORD Function	Alph1 or Anum1 or Nat1	Int	Ordinal position of the argument in collating sequence
The ORD-MAX Function	Alph1 ... or Anum1 ... or Nat1 ... or Num1	Int	Ordinal position of maximum argument
The ORD-MIN Function	Alph1 ... or Anum1 ... or Nat1 ... or Num1	Int	Ordinal position of minimum argument
The PI Function	None	Num	Value of
The PRESENT-VALUE Function	Num1, Num2 ...	Num	Present value of a series of future period-end amounts, Num2, at a discount rate of Num1
The RANDOM Function	Int1	Num	Random number
The RANGE Function	Int1 ... or Num1	Depends upon arguments*	Value of maximum argument minus value of minimum arguments
The REM Function	Num1, Num2	Num	Remainder of Num1/Num2
The REVERSE Function	Alph1 or Anum1 or Nat1	Depends upon argument*	Reverse order of the characters of the argument
The SIGN Function	Num1	Int	The sign of Num1
The SIN Function	Num1	Num	Sine of Num1
The SQRT Function	Num1	Num	Square root of Num1
The STANDARD-DEVIATION Function	Num1 ...	Num	Standard deviation of arguments
The SUM Function	Int1 ... or Num1 ...	Depends upon arguments	Sum of arguments
The TAN Function	Num1	Num	Tangent of Num1
The ULENGTH Function	Alph1 or Anum1	Int	Number of characters in Alph1 or Anum1
The UPOS Function	Alph1 or Anum1, Int1	Int	Position of `n`th UTF-8 char in Alph1 or Anum1
The UPPER-CASE Function	Alph1 or Anum1 or Nat1	Depends upon argument*	All letters in the argument are set to uppercase
The USUBSTR Function	Alph1 or Anum1, Num1, Num2	Anum	Substring of a character string argument that is encoded in UTF-8
The USUPPLEMENTARY Function	Alph1 or Anum1 or Nat1	Int	Integer value that is equal to the index of the first Unicode supplementary character in a character string argument that is encoded in UTF-8 or UTF-16
The UVALID Function	Alph1 or Anum1 or Nat1	Int	Zero if character string consists of valid Unicode UTF-8 or UTF-16 data; non-zero if not.
The UWIDTH Function	Alph1 or Anum1, Int1	Int	integer value that is equal to the width in bytes of the `n`th UTF-8 character in a character string
The VARIANCE Function	Num1 ...	Num	Variance of argument
The WHEN-COMPILED Function	None	Anum	Date and time program was compiled
The YEAR-TO-YYYY Function	Int1, Int2	Int	Argument-1 converted from YY to YYYY based on the value of argument-2

The ABS Function
The ABS function returns the absolute value of the argument.

The ACOS Function
The ACOS function returns a numeric value in radians that approximates the arccosine of argument-1. The type of this function is numeric.

The ANNUITY Function
The ANNUITY function (annuity immediate) returns a numeric value that approximates the ratio of an annuity paid at the end of each period for the number of periods specified by argument-2 to an initial investment of one. Interest is earned at the rate specified by argument-1 and is applied at the end of the period, before the payment. The type of this function is numeric.

The ASIN Function
The ASIN function returns a numeric value in radians that approximates the arcsine of argument-1. The type of this function is numeric.

The ATAN Function
The ATAN function returns a numeric value in radians that approximates the arctangent of argument-1. The type of this function is numeric.

The BOOLEAN-OF-INTEGER Statement
The BOOLEAN-OF-INTEGER function returns a boolean item of usage bit representing the binary value of argument-1. Argument-2 specifies the length of the boolean data item that is returned.

The CHAR Function
The CHAR function returns a one-character alphanumeric value that is a character in the program collating sequence having the ordinal position equal to the value of argument-1. The type of this function is alphanumeric.

The CHAR-NATIONAL Function
The CHAR-NATIONAL (national character) function returns a one-character value that is a character in the national program collating sequence having the ordinal position equal to the value of the argument.

The COS Function
The COS function returns a numeric value that approximates the cosine of an angle or arc, expressed in radians, that is specified by argument-1. The type of this function is numeric.

The CURRENT-DATE Function
The CURRENT-DATE function returns a 21-character alphanumeric value that represents the calendar date, time of day, and local time differential factor provided by the system on which the function is evaluated. The type of this function is alphanumeric.

The DATE-OF-INTEGER Function
The DATE-OF-INTEGER function converts a date in the Gregorian calendar from integer date form to standard date form (YYYYMMDD). The type of this function is integer.

The DATE-TO-YYYYMMDD Function
The DATE-TO-YYYYMMDD function converts argument-1 from the form YYmmdd to the form YYYYmmdd. Argument-2, when added to the year at the time of execution, defines the ending year of a 100-year interval, or sliding window, into which the year of argument-1 falls. The type of this function is integer.

The DAY-OF-INTEGER Function
The DAY-OF-INTEGER function converts a date in the Gregorian calendar from integer date form to Julian date form (YYYYDDD). The type of this function is integer.

The DAY-TO-YYYYDDD Function
The DAY-TO-YYYYDDD function converts argument-1 from the form YYnnn to the form YYYYnnn. Argument-2, when added to the year at the time of execution, defines the ending year of a 100-year interval, or sliding window, into which the year of argument-1 falls. The type of this function is integer.

The DISPLAY-OF Function
The DISPLAY-OF function returns a character string containing the alphanumeric character representation - the external format representation - of the national characters in the argument.

The E Function
The E function returns an approximation of e, the base of natural logarithms.

The EXP Function
The EXP function returns an approximation of the value of e raised to the power of the argument.

The EXP10 Function
The EXP10 function returns an approximation of the value of 10 raised to the power of the argument.

The FACTORIAL Function
The FACTORIAL function returns an integer that is the factorial of argument-1. The type of this function is integer.

The FRACTION-PART Function
The FRACTION-PART function returns a numeric value that is the fraction portion of the argument.

The INTEGER Function
The INTEGER function returns the greatest integer value that is less than or equal to the argument. The type of this function is integer.

The INTEGER-OF-BOOLEAN Statement
The INTEGER-OF-BOOLEAN function returns the numeric value of the boolean string in argument-1.

The INTEGER-OF-DATE Function
The INTEGER-OF-DATE function converts a date in the Gregorian calendar from standard date form (YYYYMMDD) to integer date form. The type of this function is integer.

The INTEGER-OF-DAY Function
The INTEGER-OF-DAY function converts a date in the Gregorian calendar from Julian date form (YYYYDDD) to integer date form. The type of this function is integer.

The INTEGER-PART Function
The INTEGER-PART function returns an integer that is the integer portion of argument-1. The type of this function is integer.

The LENGTH Function
The LENGTH function returns an integer equal to the length of the argument in alphanumeric character positions

The LENGTH-AN Function
The LENGTH-AN function returns an integer equal to the length of the argument in number of alphanumeric character positions.

The LOG Function
The LOG function returns a numeric value that approximates the logarithm to the base e (natural log) of argument-1. The type of this function is numeric.

The LOG10 Function
The LOG10 function returns a numeric value that approximates the logarithm to the base 10 of argument-1. The type of this function is numeric.

The LOWER-CASE Function
The LOWER-CASE function returns a character string that is the same length as argument-1 with each upper-case letter replaced by the corresponding lower-case letter. The type of this function depends on the argument as follows:

The MAX Function
The MAX function returns the content of the argument-1 that contains the maximum value. The type of this function depends upon the argument types as follows:

The MEAN Function
The MEAN function returns a numeric value that is the arithmetic mean (average) of its arguments. The type of this function is numeric.

The MEDIAN Function
The MEDIAN function returns the content of the argument whose value is the middle value in the list formed by arranging the arguments in sorted order. The type of this function is numeric.

The MIDRANGE Function
The MIDRANGE (middle range) function returns a numeric value that is the arithmetic mean (average) of the values of the minimum argument and the maximum argument. The type of this function is numeric.

The MIN Function
The MIN function returns the content of the argument-1 that contains the minimum value. The type of this function depends upon the argument types as follows:

The MOD Function
The MOD function returns an integer value that is argument-1 modulo argument-2. The type of this function is integer.

The NATIONAL-OF Function
The NATIONAL-OF function returns a character string containing the national character internal representation of the characters in the argument.

The NUMVAL Function
The NUMVAL function returns the numeric value represented by the character string specified by argument-1. Leading and trailing spaces are ignored. The type of this function is numeric.

The NUMVAL-C Function
The NUMVAL-C function returns the numeric value represented by the character string specified by argument-1. Any optional currency string specified by argument-2 and any optional commas preceding the decimal point are ignored. The type of this function is numeric.

The ORD Function
The ORD function returns an integer value that is the ordinal position of argument-1 in the collating sequence for the program. The lowest ordinal position is 1. The type of this function is integer.

The ORD-MAX Function
The ORD-MAX function returns a value that is the ordinal number of the argument-1 that contains the maximum value. The type of this function is integer.

The ORD-MIN Function
The ORD-MIN function returns a value that is the ordinal number of the argument-1 that contains the minimum value. The type of this function is integer.

The PI Function
The PI function returns a value that is an approximation of the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.

The PRESENT-VALUE Function
The PRESENT-VALUE function returns a value that approximates the present value of a series of future period-end amounts specified by argument-2 at a discount rate specified by argument-1. The type of this function is numeric.

The RANDOM Function
The RANDOM function returns a numeric value that is a pseudo-random number from a rectangular distribution. The type of this function is numeric.

The RANGE Function
The RANGE function returns a value that is equal to the value of the maximum argument minus the value of the minimum argument. The type of this function depends upon the argument types as follows:

The REM Function
The REM function returns a numeric value that is the remainder of argument-1 divided by argument-2. The type of this function is numeric.

The REVERSE Function
The REVERSE function returns a character string whose length and characters are exactly the same as argument-1, except that the characters are in reverse order. The type of this function depends on the argument type as follows:

The SIGN Function
The SIGN function returns +1, 0, or -1 depending on the sign of the argument.

The SIN Function
The SIN function returns a numeric value that approximates the sine of an angle or arc, expressed in radians, that is specified by argument-1. The type of this function is numeric.

The SQRT Function
The SQRT function returns a numeric value that approximates the square root of argument-1. The type of this function is numeric.

The STANDARD-DEVIATION Function
The STANDARD-DEVIATION function returns a numeric value that approximates the standard deviation of its arguments. The type of this function is numeric.

The SUM Function
The SUM function returns a value that is the sum of the arguments. The type of this function depends upon the argument types as follows:

The TAN Function
The TAN function returns a value that approximates the tangent of an angle or arc, expressed in radians, that is specified by argument-1. The type of this function is numeric.

The ULENGTH Function
The ULENGTH function returns an integer value that is equal to the number of UTF-8 characters in a character string argument that is encoded in UTF-8.

The UPOS Function
The UPOS function returns an integer value that is equal to the index of the nth UTF-8 character in a character string argument that is encoded in UTF-8.

The USUBSTR Function
The USUBSTR function returns a substring of a character string argument that is encoded in UTF-8.

The USUPPLEMENTARY Function
The USUPPLEMENTARY function returns an integer value that is equal to the index of the first Unicode supplementary character in a character string argument that is encoded in UTF-8 or UTF-16.

The UVALID Function
If a character string consists of valid Unicode UTF-8 or UTF-16 data, the UVALID function returns the value zero. If a character string contains invalid Unicode data, the UVALID function returns the index of the first invalid element.

The UWIDTH Function
The UWIDTH function returns an integer value that is equal to the width in bytes of the nth UTF-8 character in a character string argument that is encoded in UTF-8.

The UPPER-CASE Function
The UPPER-CASE function returns a character string that is the same length as argument-1 with each lower-case letter replaced by the corresponding upper-case letter. The type of this function depends on the argument as follows:

The VARIANCE Function
The VARIANCE function returns a numeric value that approximates the variance of its arguments. The type of this function is numeric.

The WHEN-COMPILED Function
The WHEN-COMPILED function returns the date and time the program was compiled. The type of this function is alphanumeric.

The YEAR-TO-YYYY Function
The YEAR-TO-YYYY function converts argument-1, the two low-order digits of a year, to a four-digit year. Argument-2, when added to the year at the time of execution, defines the ending year of a 100-year interval, or sliding window, into which the year of argument-1 falls. The type of this function is integer.

Alph	means alphabetic
Anum	means alphanumeric
Int	means integer
Nat	means national
Num	means numeric