The list below describes each of the Compiler options and its default setting, when applicable.
-
-#
-
Provides information on how the Compiler and linker would be invoked without actually invoking them. This option also shows
which UNIX options are translated to
Micro Focus options; for example, when the standard UNIX -O option is given on the driver command line, it is translated on the Compiler
invocation line as
-opt.
-
-adt
-
-adt [adt-filename]
Generates a file containing the data structures processed by the PL/I compiler. If
adt-filename is not specified, a file with the name
program-name.adt is generated. This file is consumed by the Record/Segment Layout Editor, which creates Segment Layout Files (SLF) and Record
Layout Files (STR) using these PL/I structure descriptions. Data File Tools can then use these layout files to aid in processing/editing
the segments or records (Data File Convert, Data File Editor, IMS Database Editor, IMS Database loader).
Use the ADT file with the Layout Editor to create SLF and STR files.
-
-agginit
- Performs initialization of aggregates compatible with 7.x versions of Open PL/I (scalar arrays only).
Example:
dcl myarr(4) fixed bin(31) static init (1);
put skip list (myarr);
results in:
1 1 1 1
By default, without
-agginit, only the first element is initialized.
-
-ascii
- Specifies to use the ASCII character encoding for all character data. This option is set by default.
-
-bifprec {15 | 31}
- Sets the precision of a built-in function result to 15 or 31. This option affects following built-in functions:
- INDEX
- LENGTH
- LINENO
- MAXLENGTH
- PAGENO
- SEARCH
- SEARCHR
- SIGN
- TALLY
- VERIFY
- VERIFYR
-
-bigendian
- Specifies that all FIXED BINARY, CHARACTER VARYING, GRAPHIC VARYING and WIDECHAR VARYING items are implicitly declared with
the BIGENDIAN data attribute, unless the NATIVE attribute is explicitly applied to a data item.
-
-bitsltr
- Stores bit strings left-to-right within each byte. This is similar to Big Endian bit ordering (Intel only). The Intel default
is to store bit strings right-to-left, but when the option is used, bit strings are stored left-to-right within each byte.
-
-c
-
Suppresses linking and produces a relocatable object file. This option applies to mfplx only.
-
-cics
-
Invokes the CICS preprocessor for EXEC CICS support. This allows EXEC CICS statements to be recognized and processed to generate
native PL/I source code.
-
-coffdebug
- Emits line number information for the debugger to enable breakpoints, statement tracing, and call stack information of Open
PL/I source code.
Restriction:
- Evaluation of variables is not supported.
- -coffdebug is not supported on 64-bit Windows.
-
-currency_symbol
-
Allows an alternate currency symbol for picture specification. It can take a character, decimal number, or hex constant of
the form 0xDD, for example, -currency_symbol £, -currency_symbol 163, -currency_symbol 0xa3.
-
-deb (-debug)
-
Produces debugging information for CodeWatch, Micro Focus's source-level debugger. You must specify this option when using
CodeWatch to debug source. When using
-deb, you may specify only optimization levels 1 or 2. The default is -opt 2.
-
-default_binary
-
Causes the BINARY attribute to be assumed if the FIXED attribute is specified without BINARY or DECIMAL.
-
-default_decimal
-
Causes the DECIMAL attribute to be assumed if the FIXED attribute is specified without BINARY or DECIMAL. This option is the
Compiler default.
-
-defext
-
Causes external variables to be defined in the data section. You must use this option for programs using external files.
The -defext option causes the initialized values of STATIC EXTERNAL variables and external file constants to be defined. Each
STATIC EXTERNAL variable that has an INITIAL value must be declared in one and only one module that has been compiled with
-defext. Failure to do so causes the INITIAL value to have no effect. The default is
-nodefext.
Also, each file constant must be declared in one and only one module that has been compiled with
-defext. When
-defext is used, file attributes specified in the file declaration merges with attributes specified when the file opens. This is
critical when doing VSAM/INDEXED I/O.
-
-dli
-
Invokes the DL/I preprocessor for EXEC DLI support. This allows EXEC DLI statements to be recognized and processed to generate
native PL/I source code. This option is processed and supported by the EXEC preprocessor (EXEC PP).
-
-dll
- Generates an object that can be used as a fetchable procedure. Use
-dll to build shared fetchable procedure objects based on your operating system.
-
-dummy aligned | unaligned
- When passing arguments, the option
-dummy aligned causes a dummy argument to be created if the aligned and unaligned attributes differ between the argument and parameter descriptor.
This is the default. When
–dummy unaligned is used, the aligned and unaligned attributes are ignored.
-
-E
-
Causes any specified preprocessors to be run on the source file, and saves their output, but stops without running the Compiler.
-
-ebcdic
- Specifies to use EBCDIC character encoding for all character data.
Note: The WIDECHAR and GRAPHIC data types are not supported with the
-ebcdic compiler option.
-
-err_on_stdout
- Displays or prints compiler error messages to STDOUT instead of STDERR.
-
-exp
-
Produces an expanded listing of the generated code in the form of assembly language statements in the listing file.
-
-f
- Synonymous with -flag.
-
-fb7asfb15
- Treats Fixed Binary (7) as Fixed Binary (15). Use for backward compatibility with previous versions of Open PL/I.
-
-fbmaxp
n
- Specifies the maximum Fixed Binary precision. The values can be:
- 31
- Sets the maximum signed Fixed Binary intermediate result precision to 31. For unsigned fixed binary operands, the maximum
intermediate precision is 32.
- 63
- Sets the maximum signed Fixed Binary intermediate result precision to 63. This is the Open PL/I default.
Note: For
–fbmaxp 63, arithmetic operations with fixed binary operands (p <= 31) will result in a maximum intermediate precision of p=31. For
operands (32 >= p <= 63), the result precision will be promoted according to result precision rules with maximum fixed binary
precision p=63. For unsigned fixed binary operands, the maximum intermediate precision is (p+1).
You can also use
-fixed_bin_max_p as a synonym to
-fbmaxp.
-
-fdasfb
-
Causes Float Decimal data to be internally coded as Float Binary. This option produces much faster code but loses precision
in the least significant digits of arithmetic results. -fdasfb is the default. See also the
-nofdasfb option.
-
-fdcheck
- Checks for a possible loss of digits when assigning or converting a Fixed Decimal (p,q) to Fixed Decimal (p1,q1) where (p,q) and (p1,q1) differ.
Note: Any of the options
-cics,
-sql,
-dli,
-mvs, and/or
-ims imply
-fdcheck. This can be overridden when used in combination with
-nofdcheck.
-
-fdmaxp
n,[m]
- Specifies the maximum FIXED DECIMAL precision
n. Recommended values are:
- 15
- The z/OS default.
- 18
- Open PL/I default for
Enterprise Developer release 2.1 and earlier.
- 31
- Open PL/I default for
Enterprise Developer release 2.2 and later.
- Fixed decimal precision 31 is the maximum allowed.
- 15,15
- Corresponds to 15.
- 15,31
- Arithmetic operations with fixed decimal operands with precision <= 15 produce a result with a maximum precision of 15. Arithmetic
operations with fixed decimal operands with precision >15 and precision <= 31 produce a result with a maximum precision of
31.
- 31,31
- Corresponds to 31.
You can also use
-fixed_dec_max_p as a synonym to
-fdmaxp.
-
-fixed_bin_max_p
- The same as
-fbmaxp.
-
-fixed_dec_max_p
- The same as
-fdmaxp.
-
-flag
- Specifies the minimum diagnostic level of messages. Diagnostics below this level are suppressed. Synonymous with -f.
-flag minimum diagnostic level
The minimum diagnostic level can be:
- I
- Emits diagnostic messages beginning at the Informational level (Lists all messages).
- W
- Emits diagnostic messages beginning at the Warning level. This is the default.
- E
- Emits diagnostic messages beginning at the Error level.
- S
- Emits diagnostic messages beginning at the Severe level.
-
-fmaxp
-
Causes floating-point precision to be used for the trigonometric built-ins and for the following arithmetic built-ins: EXP,
LOG, LOG10, LOG2, SQRT.
-fmaxp is the default. Use
-nofmaxp for the standard PL/I conversion rules for the trigonometric and the named arithmetic built-ins.
-
-fpcobol
- Tells the Compiler to generate code compatible with COBOL handling of floating-point parameters.
-
-full_list
-
Tells the macro preprocessor to omit %NOLIST directives normally placed before code included by the %INCLUDE statement, thereby
allowing the included code to be visible in the compilation listing.
-
-graphic
- Enables support for the GRAPHIC data type.
Note: EBCDIC data and constants in conjunction with
-graphic is not supported .
-
-help
-
Prints out a list of available compiler options to the console or STDOUT output, and to EXIT.
-
-highbif
-
This option allows changing the value returned by the HIGH() built
- n function. For example,
-highbif 127 (the default value is 255; the value 127 may be used for compatibility with earlier versions of Open PL/I).
-
-incl
-
Invokes the Include preprocessor which will process selected or default include statements and produce a deck that may then
be treated as a single source file by another preprocessor or the Open PL/I Compiler.
-
-initcheck
- Enables diagnostic warnings for possibly uninitialized automatic variables at first use within the given procedure.
Note: Any of the options
-cics,
-sql,
-dli,
-mvs, and/or
-ims imply
-nolaxdefined. This can be overridden when used in combination with
-noinitcheck.
-
-ipath
dirlist
-
Directs the Compiler to search specified directories for files to be included in the source program text by use of the %INCLUDE
statement.
dirlist is an ordered list of directories of the form
dirname[:dirname] ...
The
-ipath option instructs the Compiler to use these directories in the specified order in its search for files to satisfy %INCLUDE
statements (except in cases where an absolute directory path is specified in the %INCLUDE statement).
For example, suppose the source program contains:
%INCLUDE partlist;
and the Compiler invocation command is:
mfplx source_file -ipath .:/u/libr1:/u/libr2
In this case, the Compiler will first search for "PARTLIST" in the current working directory, then /u/ libr1, and finally
/u/ libr2. If that fails, it will search for "partlist" (lowercase) in the same directories.
In a Windows environment, the equivalent Compiler invocation is:
mfplx source_file -ipath .;drive:\libr1;drive:\libr2
-
-ipubr
-
Causes bits for unsigned integers created using INT or POSINT and bit strings returned with UNSPEC to be inversed.
-
-isuffix
string
-
Causes
string to be appended to the filename specified in %INCLUDE statements, except those in which the quoted filename form of the %INCLUDE
statement is used.
For example, suppose the source program contains:
%INCLUDE partlist;
and the Compiler invocation command is:
mfplx source_file -isuffix .INC
In this case, the Compiler searches for a file named
partlist.inc.
-
-l [
file]
-
Produces a Compiler listing where
file is the name of the file to which the listing is output. If you do not supply a filename, you must place this option after
the source filename on the command line; otherwise, an error message appears. The default name of the file containing the
listing is
xxx.list, where
xxx is the source filename (excluding the pathname) up to, but not including, the last "." (if any) in the name. For example,
if the source filename is
prog.pl1, the default listing is
prog.list (prog.lst for Windows systems). A Compiler listing is produced by default whenever -exp, -map, or -xref is specified.
-
-laxbased
- Disables storage checking of BASED variables. This is Open PL/I default. See also
–nolaxbased.
-
-laxdefined
- Disables type and storage checking of DEFINED variables. This is Open PL/I default. See also
–nolaxdefined.
-
-laxinit
- Disables dependency ordering of automatic initializers in block prologue. The declaration order is used.
-
-longint
-
Changes the default precision of Fixed Binary variables from (15) to (31).
-
-lowercase
-
Converts all uppercase names of internal and external variables and constants to lowercase.
Note: This option is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
-
-macro
-
Invokes the Open PL/I Macro Preprocessor,
mfpp. The default preprocessor output file name is
xxx.pp, where
xxx is the name of the source file. If the
-pp option is not specified, the
xxx.pp file is deleted after the compilation phase is completed. The
-macro option applies to mfplx only.
-
-map
- Does one of the following:
- When used without a colon or any arguments, -map produces a storage allocation map at the end of the listing file.
- When used with a colon and an argument, for example -map:filename (where
filename is the filename of a linker map file), this option passes to ldpli and to generate a linker map for the specified filename.
-map add
-map:filename can be used together.
-
-margini
s
- Specifies a character that will be places in the column preceding the left-hand margin, and also in the column after the
right-hand margin, of the listings produced by the INSOURCE and SOURCE options.
c is a character which delimits the left and right margins in the source listing.
-
-margins
l,r
-
Sets the margins within which characters of the source file are interpreted as source code and outside which all characters
are ignored by the Compiler.
l is the column number of the leftmost character, and
r is the column number of the rightmost character to be interpreted as source code. Note that if tabs are used, each tab is
counted as a single character. The
-margins option can be overridden by a *PROCESS statement in the source.
Note: There must be no spaces around the comma separating the left and right margin.
-
-maxmsg
- Specifies the maximum number of diagnostics of a specified severity or higher which will be produced during compilation.
-maxmsg Level,n
where
Level is one of I, W, E, S as follows:
- I
- Counts all compiler messages starting at I-level (Informational) against the maximum.
- W
- Counts all compiler messages starting at W-level (Warning) against the maximum.
-
- E
- Counts all compiler messages starting at E-level (Error) against the maximum.
- S
- Counts only S-level (Severe) against the maximum.
- n
-
The maximum number.
The default is
-maxmsg W,1000.
Compilation terminates if the number of messages exceeds the maximum number allowed. If messages are below the specified severity,
they are not counted in the number. The value of
n can range from 0 to 32767. If you specify 0, the compilation terminates when the first error of the specified severity is
encountered.
An unrecoverable A-level (Abort) error message always results in termination.
- -multiclose
- Allows multiple closure of groups by automatically inserting a END statements. This produces a W-level diagnostic.[6]
-
-names
- Adds extralingual characters to identifiers via the compiler options, similar in nature to *PROCESS NAMES().
Example:
-names 'string1' [ 'string2' ]
- string1
- Extralingual characters to add to identifier.
- string2
-
Corresponding upper case characters. Optional.
The default is:
-names '$@#' '$@#'
For additional characters you must specify the default
$@# or subset if desired, plus the additional lingual characters.
-names '$@#Ј'
For convenience, hex constants of the form
0xDD..DD are accepted in place of the strings above.
-names 0x402324a3
-
-nest
-
Causes the nesting of DO ... END, PROC ... END, and so on to be shown in the listing file. See the
-l option for more information about the listing file.
-
-nocicsdebug
-
Allows use of CodeWatch to debug the original source file, rather than the intermediate file generated by the CICS preprocessor.
Also, causes Compiler diagnostics to use line numbers referencing the original source file. This is the default. The -nocicsdebug
command applies to mfplx and kixplt only.
-
-nodebuginfo
-
Tells the Compiler to not break the line for %FILE and %LINE information.
-
-nodefext
-
The
-nodefext option prevents definition of initialized values of STATIC EXTERNAL variables and external file constants (default). See
the
-defext compiler option for more information.
Also, each file constant must be declared in one and only one module that has been compiled with
-defext. When
-defext is used, file attributes specified in the file declaration will be merged with attributes specified when the file is opened.
This is critical when doing VSAM/INDEXED I/O.
-
-nofdasfb
-
Causes Float Decimal data to be internally coded as Binary Coded Decimal. The default setting is
-fdasfb.
-
-nofmaxp
-
Causes standard PL/I conversion rules to be used to determine the precision of trigonometric and certain arithmetic built-ins.
The default is
-fmaxp.
-
-nogotocheck
- Disables runtime validity checking when attempting a goto on a subscripted label.
-
-noincludes
-
Tells the Compiler and/or macro preprocessor not to include the contents of %INCLUDE files in the compiled source.
-
-noinitcheck
-
Disables diagnostic warnings for possibly uninitialized automatic variables.
-
-nolaxbased
- For BASED variables declared using the form BASED (ADDR(x), enables storage checking with the base reference “x”.
–laxbased is the Open PL/I default.
Note: Any of the options
-cics,
-sql,
-dli,
-mvs, and/or
–ims imply
–nolaxbased. This can be overridden when used in combination with
–laxbased.
Example:
DCL X FIXED BIN (15); DECLARE Y FIXED BIN (31) BASED (ADDR(X));
will result in an appropriate diagnostic.
-
-nolaxdefined
- For DEFINED variables, enables both type and storage checking on DEFINED variable and the base variable.
–laxdefined is the Open PL/I default.
Note: Any of the options
-cics,
-sql,
-dli,
-mvs, and/or
–ims imply
–nolaxdefined. This can be overridden when used in combination with
–laxdefined.
Example:
DCL S1 CHAR(10); DECLARE S2 CHAR(20) DEFINED (S1);
will result in an appropriate diagnostic.
-
-nolaxdcl
-
Tells the Compiler to not allow compiler declarations for undeclared variables.
-
-nolaxinit
- Enables dependency ordering of automatic initializers in block prologue. This is the Open PL/I default.
-
-nomacro
-
Suppresses the invocation of the Open PL/I Macro Preprocessor. The default is
-nomacro.
- -nomulticlose
- Does not allow multiple closure of groups. Default setting. This produces an E-level diagnostic.
Note: Use the -multiclose compiler option to revert to the behavior of previous product versions, which produced a W-level diagnostic.
-
-noobj
-
Compiles for syntax and semantic checking only. Does not produce an object file.
-
-noopt
-
Compiles without optimization. This is the default.
-
-norange
-
This option is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. See the
-prefix option.
-
-noopt
-
Compiles without optimization. This is the default.
-
-not_symbol
- Lets you specify an alternate NOT symbol. It can take a character, decimal number, or hex constant of the form 0xDD. See
also %PROCESS in the Language Reference Manual.
-
-nounixdebug
-
Avoids generating the additional object file data needed to report source file and line number when a fatal run-time error
occurs, or for use by the ONLOC built-in function.
-
-nounrefexternals
-
Prevents external entry symbols that are not referenced in the program from being generated in the object file. This is the
default.
-
-nowarn
-
Suppresses all INFORMATIONAL and WARNING level diagnostics. This is equivalent to setting the
–flag option to
E.
-
-[no]xref
-
Tells the compiler to not include a cross-reference table of names that are used in the program. See the
-xref compiler option for more information.
-
-O
-
Invokes the optimization phase of the Compiler. This option applies to mfplx only and is equivalent to the
-opt option.
-
-o
file
-
Names the object file the name you specify with
file. If -o is not specified, the default name of the file is
xxx.o, where
xxx is the source filename up to, but not including, the last "." (if any) in the name. For example, if the source filename is
prog.pl1, the default object filename is
prog.o (prog.obj for Windows).
If
-c is specified, the
-o option is passed to the compiler; if
-c is not specified,
-o is passed to ldpli.
-
-opt
[level]
- Specifies the level of optimization by the Open PL/I Compiler, where
level stands for the level (1 – 3) of optimization. The default setting is
-noopt. If
level is not included, the program is optimized at level 3. If
-deb is specified,
-opt 2 is the maximum level allowed. Note,
-opt-deb is equivalent to
-opt 2
-deb.
-
-optcics
- Allows the CICS options to be passed to the CICS ECM
-
-optdli
- Allows the DL/I options to be passed to the DL/I (IMS) ECM
-
-optexec
{sub-option}[,sub-option]
- Lets you specify options for the EXEC preprocessor. You can use the following for the
-optexec option.
- [NO]PLITEST
- Using the
-optexec option with the
PLITEST parameter lets you debug PL/I programs that run under CICS. During execution, the program stops at the first executable statement
(either the PROCEDURE statement or the first statement following the PROCEDURE statement, depending on the execution environment).
Specify the appropriate program source files and debug files with the
CODEWATCH_SRCPATH and
CODEWATCH_STBPATH environment variables when using
PLITEST with this option.
- NEWNAME(newname)
- Specifies a name for the outermost external procedure in addition to other names that may have been specified on the PROCEDURE
statement. Use this when the name on the procedure does not match the name of the executable.
(newname) is the same name as the name of the executable.
- trace
- Causes the preprocessor to create a file
source.trc where
source is the name of your source file.
- ctrace
- Creates a trace file for submission to
Customer Care if requested.
- strace
- Creates a log file from the internal functions called by the program.
- vtrace
- Creates a dynamic visual trace of the program.
-
-options
-
Adds information about translated *PROCESS directives and command-line option processing to the compiler listing (-options implies
–l). See the section on *PROCESS directives for more information.
-
-optsql
- Allows the SQL options to be passed to the SQL ECM
-
-or_symbol
- Lets you specify an alternate OR symbol. It can take a character, decimal number, or hex constant of the form 0xDD. See also
%PROCESS in the Language Reference Manual.
-
-pass
- Connects to a remote DB2 database. You can use this option with a specified username and password. The format is:
–pass myid.mypass
Where
myid is the username and
mypass is the password for the remote DB2 connection. mfplx first checks the -pass for a username/password and uses these values
if specified. If not specified, it uses the values set for the
DB2_USERNAME and
DB2_PASSSWORD environment variables.
-
-pic
- Generates position-independent code, suitable for linking into a shared library. This option is only available on Solaris,
SUSE Linux and Red Hat Linux.
- Use this option when compiling code for inclusion in a shared object.
-
-pl1g
- Causes Open PL/I to retain the behavior of releases prior to Open PL/I 5.0 for certain operations that have been changed in
such a way as to become incompatible with that former behavior. For example, TIME() returns a value including three fractional
digits (thousandths), but
-pl1g causes it to return only two fractional digits (hundredths).
-
-plitdli
-
Specifies IMS linkage when calling a PLITDLI entry point name rather than a user supplied PLITDLI. This option allows for
DCL PLITDLI ENTRY; declared as such in the user program (without an entry descriptor list and/or return type).
-
-pmod
- Changes the output of the MOD builtin to always return a positive result, even with a negative divisor.
-
-pp
[file]
- Specifies the file name for the output file of the Open PL/I Macro Preprocessor. An output file created with the
-pp option is preserved after the compilation phase is completed. This option applies to mfplx and mfpp only.
-
-ppcics
[file]
- Specifies the file name for the output of the CICS preprocessor. An output file created with the
-ppcics option is preserved after the compilation phase is completed. This option applies to mfplx only.
-
-ppdli[file]
- Specifies the file name for the output of the DL/I preprocessor. An output file created with the
-ppdli option is preserved for consumption by a downstream preprocessor or the PL/I compiler.
-
-pporder
- Selects which preprocessors are to be invoked and in what order. This option applies to mfplx only.
Syntax:
-pporder “pp-name [ (pp-string)] [ pp-name [ (pp-string)] ] … “
Note: The surrounding quotes are required.
- pp-name
- The name of the preprocessor. The preprocessor names must be one of must be one of MACRO,SQLDB2, SQLOCI, SQLODBC, CICS, or
DLI.
- pp-string
- An argument associated with each preprocessor.
For INCL, no pp-string argument is applicable (or allowed).
For MACRO, the pp-string argument, if supplied, must be one of ‘CASE(ASIS)’ or ‘CASE(UPPER)’. This argument overrides any
command-line argument
–case_asis of
–case_upper, if given.
For SQLDB2, SQLOCI, SQLODBC, the pp-string argument, if supplied, is what would be supplied to the
–optsql option. This argument overrides any command-line argument for
–optsql, if given. Refer to the Micro Focus SQL documentation for more information.
For CICS, the pp-string argument, if supplied is what is would be supplied to the
–optcics option. This argument overrides any command-line argument for
–optcics, if given. Refer to the Micro Focus CICS documentation for more information.
For DLI, the pp-string argument, if supplied, is what is would be supplied to the
–optdli option. This argument overrides any command-line argument for
–optdli, if given. Refer to the Micro Focus DLI documentation for more information.
A maximum of 31 invocations are allowed.
Note: If the
–pporder option is not used, then the default ordering is applied, which is: INCL, MACRO, DLI, SQL, CICS, MACRO.
Selection of the above preprocessors to invoke is dependent upon the combination of given options
–incl,
–macro,
-dli,
-sql, and
–cics. Refer to the Micro Focus documentation for more information on these options.
-
-ppsql
[file]
- Specifies the file name for the output of the SQL preprocessor. An output file created with the
-ppsql option is preserved after the compilation phase is completed. This option applies to mfplx only.
-
-prefix
condition-prefix[,condition-prefix]…
- This option allows you attach one or more condition prefixes to your program without the need to edit the source code. These
condition prefixes are logically prefixed to the beginning of the (implicit or explicit) PACKAGE statement, which in turn
has the affect of logically prefixing these to each external (level 1) procedure in the program being compiled.
The default for
-prefix is:
-prefix conversion,fixedoverflow,invalidop,overflow,underflow,zerodivide,nosize,nostringrange,nostringsize,nosubscriptrange
-
-proginfo
- Causes the compiler to insert a data structure that allows the CBL_GET_PROGRAM_INFO function to identify and report PL/I programs
when walking the program stack.
-
-proto
- Provides more extensive prototype checking on arguments vs. parameters in entry declarations (also assumed by default when
using
-vax).
In this example using -proto, the compiler would recognize the mismatched declaration between the included entry declaration and the actual procedure
declaration, by generating the following diagnostic:
MFPLI00256W : Parameter "A" type conflicts with the parameter type and/or attributes declared in the EXTERNAL ENTRY declaration for the same PROCEDURE
Example:
myproc.dcl
------------
declare myproc external entry(
fixed binary(31),
fixed binary(15),
fixed binary(15));
myproc.pli
------------
%include 'myproc.dcl';
myproc: procedure(a,b,c);
declare a fixed binary(15); / * mismatch with “myproc.dcl” */
declare b fixed binary(15);
declare c fixed binary(15);
end;
callmypr.pli
-------------
callmypr:proc;
%include 'myproc.dcl';
call myproc (1,2,3);
end;
-
-range
- This option is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. You should use
-prefix stringrange,subscriptrange instead.
While accepted,
-range is effectively is treated as
-prefix stringrange,subscriptrange and it overrides the same condition prefixes specified in
-prefix.
See the
-prefix option.
-
-rc
n,0
- Specifies the maximum error code level
n which will result in a zero return code from mfplx. The default is –rc 4,0. The allowed values are:
- The compiler error code levels and mfplx return codes are shown in the table below:
| Compilation Error Code Level
|
Return Code
|
Description
|
| 0
|
0
|
No diagnostic messages or I-level ( Informational) only.
|
| 4
|
0
|
W-level (Warning) diagnostic messages (object code generated)
|
| 8
|
1
|
E-level (Error) diagnostic messages (object code generated but execution behavior is not defined – the source code is in error
and should be corrected)
|
| 12
|
1
|
S-level (Severe) ) diagnostic messages (object code not generated)
|
| 16
|
1
|
Compiler Abort
|
- The values in the table relate to the default –rc 4,0 setting.
- The command-line driver mfplx returns 0 upon success and 1 upon failure. If a link is invoked after successful compilation,
the mfplx return code is 0 if successful and 1 if failure.
-
-report [file]
- Specifies the file name for the output of the Open PL/I Source Checker. If this option is not used, the output of the checker
will be directed to the standard error file. This option applies to mfplx only.
-
-setnull
n
- Designates a null pointer value
n to be returned by the NULL built-in function, where
n is a decimal value. If this option is not specified, the value of the
NULL built-in function is an address with all bits set to 1.
-
-setstack [integer]
- Sets each byte of the storage to the argument's value. The argument is an integer in the range 0-255. If no argument is provided,
the memory is set to 0.
-
-shortint
- Tells the Compiler to set the default FIXED BINARY precision to 15.
-
-sql
- Invokes the SQL preprocessor for EXEC SQL support. This allows EXEC SQL statements to be recognized and processed to generate
native PL/I source code. This option is processed and supported by the EXEC preprocessor (EXEC PP). You can use the following
for the
-sql option.
- odbc
- Specifies an ODBC-compliant database.
- db2
- Specifies an IBM, DB2, or UDB database.
- oci
- Specifies an oracle "Call" interface database.
-
-stardesc
- Tells the Compiler to produce argument descriptors for calls only when array bounds or string lengths in the parameter declaration
are represented by the asterisk (*) symbol. (This was compiler behavior in releases prior to release 7.0.) When this option
is not used, the Compiler produces descriptors for array, structure, and string arguments.
-
-stat
- Prints Compiler statistics to the standard output as each Compiler phase completes.
-
-stbout
- Generates an
.stb file in the same directory as the output object file.
Note: You may need to set the
CODEWATCH_STBPATH and
CODEWATCH_SRCPATH variables to the appropriate locations when using this option.
-
-strip (ldpli)
- Tells ldpli to not generate debugging information.
-
-structure_fillers
- Tells the Compiler to produce warnings for structures containing fillers.
-
-systemcics
-
Specifies that this OPTIONS(MAIN) program will execute under the control of CICS. Such a program may have 0, 1, or 2 parameters,
all of which must be POINTER. Such a program, almost always, will specify
-cics and may also specify one or more of
–sql and
–dli.
-
-systemims
- Specifies that this OPTIONS(MAIN) program will execute under the control of IMS. Such a program may have 0 thru n parameters,
all of which must be POINTER. Such a program may also specify one or more of
–sql and
–dli.
-
-systemmvs
- Specifies that this OPTIONS(MAIN) program will execute under the control of MVS. Such a program may have at most one parameter
which must be CHAR(n) VARYING where “n” is not *. Such a program may also specify one or more of
-cics,
–sql and
–dli.
-
-unaligned
- This compile-time switch has been added for use on RISC architectures. This switch causes byte instructions to be generated
for all based references, which might point anywhere in memory.
-
-unrefexternals
- Causes external entry symbols to be generated in the object file, even if they are not referenced in the program.
-
-v
- Prints information to stdout relating to the compilation and link-step phases. This option applies to mfplx only.
-
-variant
string
- Passes the variant string
string to the Open PL/I Macro Preprocessor. This option applies to mfplx only.
-
-vax
- Makes the following adaptations for programs originally written with Digital Equipment Corporations's PL/I Compiler for the
VAX platform:
- Enables Float Binary(24) as equivalent to Float Binary(23).
- Enables Float Binary(53) as equivalent to Float Binary(52).
- Causes the BINARY attribute to be assumed if the FIXED attribute is specified without BINARY or DECIMAL.
-
-warn
- Suppresses INFORMATIONAL level diagnostics. This is equivalent to setting the
-flag option to W. This is the default.
-
-window
- Sets the value for the
w window argument used in various date-related built-in functions.
- w
- Either a positive four-digit integer such as 1976 that represents the start of a fixed window or a negative integer that specifies
a “sliding” window. For example,
-window -50 indicates a window that starts 50 years prior to the year when the program runs.
-
-xmlattr apostrophe | quote
-
Causes the XMLCHAR built-in function to enclose XML attributes in apostrophes (single quotes) or quotations marks (double
quotes).
-xmlattr apostrophe is the default.
-
-xmlcase upper | asis
-
Causes the XMLCHAR built-in function to generate tags in its XML output to be all uppercase or in the case used in the declaration.
–xmlcase upper is the default.
-
-xref
- Produces cross-reference information in the listing file and specifies the type of cross reference information produced.
The cross-reference shows names used in the program with the numbers of the statements where they are either declared or referenced.
Unreferenced labels are shown in the listing without cross-reference information.
-
-zalign
- Specifies z/OS aggregate mapping and alignment rules.
- Affects mapping of structure members. z/OS structure mapping rules use a "shift-to-align" algorithm to minimize compiler inserted
pad bytes for the alignment requirement of structure members. This differs from the default Open PL/I structure mapping rules
described in the
Structure topic, which are compatible with other UNIX and Windows compilers for inter-language compatibility.
- Sets the default FLOAT BINARY single precision to 21 and the default FLOAT BINARY double precision to 53 ( implies
-zfloat). The Open PL/I default is 23 and 52 respectively.
- Specifies that the default alignment attribute for the CHAR, CHAR VAR, GRAPHIC, GRAPHIC VAR, WIDECHAR, WIDECHAR VAR and PICTURE
data types is
unaligned (implies
-zchar). The Open PL/I default is
aligned.
- Implies double-word alignment of double precision FLOAT BINARY on Intel 32-bit systems (the Open PL/I and Intel native default
alignment is word on Intel 32-bit systems)
- Implies double-word alignment of AREA on Intel 32-bit systems (the Open PL/I default alignment is word on Intel 32-bit systems)
Structure Layout Example (Open PL/I default)
The following shows structure ST with size 8 bytes; member "C" is at offset 0 (byte alignment) and member "X" is at offset
4 (word alignment), with 3 compiler-inserted pad bytes between.
1
2 dcl 1 ST,
3 2 C CHAR,
4 2 X FIXED BIN(31);
5
NAME CLASS SIZE LOCATION ATTRIBUTES
ST BASED 8 LEVEL 1 STRUCTURE
C MEMBER 1 00000000 LEVEL 2 CHAR(1)
3 00000001 -pad-
X MEMBER 4 00000004 LEVEL 2 FIXED BIN(31,0)
Structure Layout Example (-zalign)
The following shows structure ST with size 5 (8 bytes are allocated in memory); member "C" is at offset 0 (byte alignment)
and member "X" is at offset 1 (word alignment). In this example each member is shifted by 3 bytes (OFFSET=3 as shown below)
to properly align each member on its required boundary, thus minimizing (and in this case eliminating) compiler-inserted bytes.
Effectively, the "shift-to-align" algorithm propagates pad bytes that fill natural alignment gaps between members toward the
beginning of the structure. Pad bytes which have been shifted outside the structure (that is, preceding the first member)
are known as "hang bytes".
1
2 dcl 1 ST,
3 2 C CHAR,
4 2 X FIXED BIN(31);
5
NAME CLASS SIZE LOCATION ATTRIBUTES
ST BASED 5 LEVEL 1 STRUCTURE OFFSET=3
C MEMBER 1 00000000 LEVEL 2 CHAR(1) UNALIGNED
X MEMBER 4 00000001 LEVEL 2 FIXED BIN(31,0)
Note:
- The use of this option is recommended only when structure mapping is required to match z/OS structure mapping rules. An example
when required might be reading files imported from the mainframe containing record structures that have z/OS compiler-inserted
(and possibly removed) pad bytes for alignment purposes.
- If
-zalign is used for the compilation of one module, it is recommended that all modules in a given program be compiled as such for
compatibility. Mixing --zalign with compilation units in the same program may work, but this can be problematic if the modules compiled with
-zalign are not "self-contained".
- For adjustable structures (having REFER-extents or non-constant sized members), the
-zalign "shift-to-align" algorithm will cause more code to be generated to access structure members with non-constant offsets (seen
in the
-map listing as (-V-) under the Location Field). Depending upon structure layout, the amount of code generated can be extensive
as compared against the Open PL/I default mapping rules (when not using
-zalign). Compiler optimization at a minimum level of
-opt 2 is recommended.
Restriction:
- For structures with multiple REFER-extents, compiler resources may be impacted resulting in a Compiler Abort. Please contact
Micro Focus
Customer Care.
-
-zchar
- Specifies that the default alignment attribute for the CHAR, CHAR VAR , GRAPHIC, GRAPHIC VAR, WIDECHAR, WIDECHAR VAR and PICTURE
data types is unaligned. The Open PL/I default is aligned.
Note: This affects storage requirements for CHAR VAR , GRAPHIC VAR, and WIDECHAR VAR. It also affects parameter and descriptor matching
at CALL statements.
Example (Open PL/I default):
Dcl c char;
Dcl sub entry (char unaligned);
Call sub(c); /* A dummy argument is created for “c” */
Dcl c char;
Dcl sub entry (char aligned);
Call sub(c); /* “c” is passed by reference */
Example (-zchar)
Dcl c char;
Dcl sub entry (char unaligned);
Call sub(c); /* “c” is passed by reference */
Dcl c char;
Dcl sub entry (char aligned);
Call sub(c); /* A dummy argument is created for “c” */
-
-zfloat
- Specifies the Float Binary single precision default as 21; specifies the Float Binary double maximum as 53. The Open PL/I
defaults are 23 and 52, respectively.
Note: Floating point precisions that are less than or equal to 21 are implemented as IEEE single precision floating point. Floating
point precisions that are greater than 21 are implemented as IEEE double precision floating point.
-
-zp1
- Causes all structures to be mapped as if the UNALIGNED attribute is specified at the level 1 structure level. The option
is for compatibility with versions of DEC VAX PL/I.
Compiling with
-zp1 effectively packs all structures so that any pad bytes used for data alignment are eliminated. This is useful when files
originating from the mainframe have records in which the data items are packed or unaligned.
When
-zp1 is set, the compiler needs to take certain precautions, especially on RISC architectures where misaligned data can cause
a hardware exception.
The
-zp1 compiler options affects the following:
- All structure members are packed without any pad bytes for alignment as if the UNALIGNED attribute were specified at the level
1 structure level.
- All based variables are treated as if unaligned.
- All parameters are treated as if unaligned.
- All Character Varying data items are treated as if unaligned. The Open-PL/I default alignment for CHAR VAR is HALFWORD which
is the natural alignment of the leading fixed bin (15) length.
When using
-zp1, to maintain consistency in passing arguments without modifying the source code, the compiler disables creating dummy arguments
at call points when the argument is a structure member and the argument and parameter descriptors do not explicitly differ
between the UNALIGNED and ALIGNED attributes.
Note: Using
-zp1 can have an overall impact on performance. On RISC architectures such as SPARC and RS6000, the compiler must generate sequences
of byte addressable instructions to access unaligned data items in the memory. On Intel, no changes are required for code
generation, but additional clock cycles are required for the hardware to access misaligned data items.
Important: If you are using this release as an upgrade to Enterprise Developer 2.2 Update 1, after the upgrade you must rebuild any applications
that are compiled using the
–zp1 option.
The behavior of the
–zp1 option has been reverted to that of versions of Enterprise Developer earlier than 2.2 Update 1, with an additional correction
relating to Char Varying data items.
The behavior has been restored to that in Enterprise Developer versions earlier than 2.2 where, when compiling with
–zp1, all parameters are treated as unaligned. (In Enterprise Developer 2.2 Update 1, the behavior when compiling with
–zp1 was to not treat parameters as if unaligned).
When using the
–zp1 compiler option, all Character Varying data items are now treated as if unaligned. In previous versions of Open PL/I, for
Character Varying data items, the
–zp1 unaligned requirement was applied only to structure members and parameters.
To illustrate the change, consider the following example:
zptest: proc options(main);
dcl 1 st1,
2 c char,
2 x(4) char(7) var init ('a', 'xx', 'yyy', 'zzzz');
dcl y(4) char(7) var init ('a', 'xx', 'yyy', 'zzzz');
dcl sub entry ((4) char(7) var);
call sub (x);
call sub (y);
end;
sub: proc (z);
dcl z(4) char(7) var;
dcl i fixed bin(31);
do i = 1 to hbound(z);
z(i) = 'x';
end;
end;
Where:
- For
x and
z, each
char (7) var item is 7 plus 2 bytes which equals 9 and then multiplied by 4 equals 36.
- If
y were aligned on half-word by default, each array element is half-word aligned and each equals 10 bytes (9 + 1 pad byte),
and the total size equals 40 bytes.
- At
call sub (x), the calling argument and parameter are matched.
- At the
call sub (y), the
y element size (10 bytes) is mismatched against the parameter
z element size (9 bytes) due to
–zp1. This is incorrect and causes unexpected program behavior.
Due to this correction of treating all Char Varying data items as if unaligned when using
–zp1, the size of CHAR VARYING arrays now differs from previous versions of Open-PL/I. For example:
dcl X(4) char(7) var;
Put skip list (size(X)) /* size is 36 bytes vs. 40 bytes in previous versions of Open-PL1 */